MongoDB Data Models

Data in MongoDB has a flexible schema. Collections do not enforce document structure by default. This flexibility gives you data-modeling choices to match your application and its performance requirements.

The challenge with data modeling is balancing the needs of the application, the performance characteristics of the database engine, and the data retrieval patterns.

Unlike SQL databases, where you must determine and declare a table’s schema before inserting data, MongoDB’s collections, by default, does not require its documents to have the same schema. That is:

This flexibility facilitates the mapping of documents to an entity or an object. Each document can match the data fields of the rep

The key decision in designing data models for MongoDB applications revolves around the structure of documents and how the application represents relationships between data. MongoDB allows related data to be embedded within a single document.

Embedded documents capture relationships between data by storing related data in a single document structure. MongoDB documents make it possible to embed document structures in a field or array within a document. These denormalized data models allow applications to retrieve and manipulate related data in a single database operation.

References store the relationships between data by including links or references from one document to another. Applications can resolve these references to access the related data. Broadly, these are normalized data models.

Effective data models support your application needs. The key consideration for the structure of your documents is the decision to embed or to use references.

With MongoDB, you may embedded related data in a single structure or document. These schema are known as “denormalized” models, and take advantage of MongoDB’s rich documents. Embedded data models allow applications to store related pieces of information in the same database record. As a result, applications may need to issue fewer queries and updates to complete common operations.

When to use:

Normalized data models describe relationships using references between documents.

When to use:

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